Medical information

When should hip or knee surgery be considered?

Surgery becomes reasonable when a clearly identified problem causes meaningful limitations, reasonable alternatives have been considered and expected benefit outweighs risk.

A target

An operation should correct a specific mechanism, not simply an abnormal image.

Function

Walking, sleep, work, stairs, sport and independence often matter more than an imaging grade.

When to wait

If symptoms are acceptable, diagnosis is uncertain or a realistic non-surgical option remains, waiting can be an active medical decision.

When to move forward

Continuing the same ineffective treatment indefinitely is not necessarily more conservative once the diagnosis and expected benefit are clear.

Medical review: Dr Julien Stanovici · August 2026. Consultations are available in French and English.

Medical references / source

  1. French reference page with full bibliography
  2. swiss orthopaedics — recommendations
  3. SOFCOT — recommendations